combat; armed engagement; fighting
the monarchy as an institution (esp. in Thailand)
winning post; finish-line marker
firmly; steadfastly; enduringly
control engineering
brandishing; vigorous swinging
emotional/spiritual anchor
card-cheating technique
Doppler shift
distancing; withdrawal (social/emotional)
permeation; passage through
firearm frame
[to] reside; stay; dwell
madan tree (Garcinia schomburgkiana)
plant crown; canopy shape
electrolysis (chemistry)
reference (within a document/data)
theoretical perspective/aspect
becoming; attainment of a position or status
teng–rang hardwood
dry dipterocarp forest
specificity; particularity
international politics
figurative: attrition; gradual weakening
syllabary; syllabic script
liquidation; winding up
loss; wastage (technical)
heaven and earth as higher powers
argumentative exchange; non-formal debate
founder/patriarch of a sect or religious school
cultivation/practice of virtues
monastic observances; religious discipline
King Suddhodana (Buddha’s father)
enlightenment; attainment of Buddhahood
[to] top-graft (horticulture)
prefix (linguistics)
spaciousness; airiness (space)
Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta; Thai Forest master
the deceased; decedent (formal)
holder of a conferred noble rank
covalent (chemistry)
principal axis (technical)
affairs of state; public administration
going to observe precepts (often at a temple)
worship through practice
police general (rank group)
helpers; underlings (figurative)
water’s edge; bank; shoreline
household and yard chores
contraindication (medicine)
self-restraint; composure; modesty; reserve
endemic (to a region)
Scots (language)
tension (physics/mechanics)
auspicious timing
ancient myth; age‑old legend
regulator; governor (control device)
stable, unchanging condition; steady state (general)
grassroots economy; base-level local economy
genetic material (DNA/RNA); hereditary material
share/portion of spiritual merit
lustral/consecrated water for anointing rites
paying tribute to royal virtues; act of royal homage
comparative analysis
[to] cross cultural boundaries
origin (mathematics)
[to] overhaul/rework fundamentally
highly qualified; eminent; distinguished
geopolitics
power grid; electrical grid; the grid
long take; extended continuous shot (film/TV)
all the people; the citizenry
feminine wiles; woman’s charms/tricks
finality; absoluteness
mother (royal/religious honorific)
Yot Sai Subdistrict Administrative Organization (อบต.ยอดไทร)
[to] cross-examine; challenge by questioning
buffalo (loanword; animal, nonstandard)
[to] conclude; determine; infer
Kurukshetra (India)
monolith; standing stone
the delivery of the Buddha’s first sermon
sacred precinct of a Buddhist temple
preservation; maintenance; safeguarding
policy interest rate
traditional sin with chok-patterned hem
to a greater or lesser extent
[to] come to; arrive at (formal)
retarding/damping force
royal artisan; court craftsman
sacrificial offering; sacrificial victim
troy (weight system)
cytoskeleton (cell’s structural network)
microtubule (hollow tubulin polymer in cells)
computing: collection (data structure/grouping)
antioxidant
tie-rod end (ball joint)
antiquity; archaeological artifact
[to] scatter in all directions; flee helter-skelter
selfless helper (figurative)