หงอ
ngɔ̌ɔMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
cowed; intimidated; meek (colloquial)
Frightened or intimidated into becoming meek or submissive and no longer daring to resist.
Examples
เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waan1yesterday (the day before today)2yesterday; yesterday (as an adverb)พอpɔɔพอpɔɔ1enough; sufficient2enough; sufficiently3[to] suffice; be enough4quite; rather; fairly5as soon as; whenแม่ดุmɛ̂ɛ-dùแม่ดุmɛ̂ɛ-dùa strict motherเขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerหงอngɔ̌ɔหงอngɔ̌ɔ1cowed; intimidated; meek (colloquial)2bent; stooped (colloquial)ทันทีtan-tiiทันทีtan-tiiimmediately; at once
Yesterday, as soon as his mother scolded him, he became meek.
3 more examplesShow less
ตอนแรกdtɔɔn-rɛ̂ɛkเขาkǎoเถียงtǐiangไม่หยุดmâi-yùtแต่dtɛ̀ɛพอpɔɔครูkruuขึ้นเสียงkʉ̂n-sǐiangก็gɔ̂หงอngɔ̌ɔจนjonไม่mâiกล้าglâaพูดต่อpûut-dtɔ̀ɔ
At first he kept arguing, but once the teacher raised her voice, he was too intimidated to say anything more.
Just a stern look from his boss made him back down and do as he was told.
พอpɔɔผู้จัดการpûu-jàt-gaanขู่kùuว่าwâaจะjàไล่ออกlâi-ɔ̀ɔkเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂หงอngɔ̌ɔจนjonไม่mâiกล้าglâaทักท้วงták-túuangทั้งที่táng-tîiรู้rúuว่าwâaตัวเองdtuua-eengไม่ได้mâi-dâaiทำผิดtam-pìt
Once the manager threatened to fire him, he became too intimidated to object, even though he knew he had done nothing wrong.
2AdjectiveB1
bent; stooped (colloquial)
Bent or hunched over, especially describing an elderly person's back or posture.
Examples
คุณตาkun-dtaaคุณตาkun-dtaa1grandfather (maternal)2elderly man (polite address)หลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: bed; bed-like platform6CL: building; house; structureหงอngɔ̌ɔหงอngɔ̌ɔ1cowed; intimidated; meek (colloquial)2bent; stooped (colloquial)มากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂nมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂n1more; increasingly2greater; more (than before)กว่าgwàaกว่าgwàa1than (comparative marker)2more than; overเมื่อก่อนmʉ̂ʉa-gɔ̀ɔnเมื่อก่อนmʉ̂ʉa-gɔ̀ɔnformerly; previously; in the past
Grandpa's back is more hunched than it used to be.
3 more examplesShow less
ยายyaaiหลังlǎngหงอngɔ̌ɔจนjonยืดyʉ̂ʉtตัวตรงdtuua-dtrongไม่ได้mâi-dâaiเลยləəiต้องdtɔ̂ngนั่งnângพิงpingหมอนmɔ̌ɔn
Grandma's back is so hunched that she cannot straighten up, so she has to sit supported by a pillow.
คุณปู่kun-bpùuยืนyʉʉnหลังlǎngหงอngɔ̌ɔอยู่yùuหน้าบ้านnâa-bâanฉันchǎnจึงjʉngรีบเข้าrîip-kâoไปbpaiช่วยchûuaiถือtʉ̌ʉถุงtǔng
Grandpa was standing hunched over in front of the house, so I hurried over to help carry his bags.
ภาพpâapหญิงชราyǐng-chá-raaที่นั่งหลังtîi-nâng-lǎngหงอngɔ̌ɔเย็บผ้าyép-pâaอยู่ใต้yùu-dtâaiแสงไฟsɛ̌ɛng-faiสลัวsà-lǔuaทำให้tam-hâiฉันchǎnนึกถึงnʉ́k-tʉ̌ngยายyaaiที่tîiเคยkəəiเลี้ยงlíiangฉันchǎnมาmaaตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛเด็กdèk
The sight of an elderly woman sitting hunched over her sewing in the dim light reminded me of the grandmother who had raised me.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
ngɔ̌ɔ
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |