พรรณไม้
pan-máaiMeanings
1NounB2
types/kinds of plants; plant varieties
plants considered by type or kind; a category or variety of plant (used in both general and botanical contexts).
Examples
สวนsǔuanสวนsǔuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoพรรณไม้pan-máaiพรรณไม้pan-máai1types/kinds of plants; plant varieties2flora (of a place/time)หลายชนิดlǎai-chá-nítหลายชนิดlǎai-chá-nítmany kinds; variousแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)3like; as (in the manner of)ชอบchɔ̂ɔpชอบchɔ̂ɔp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)กุหลาบgù-làapกุหลาบgù-làaprose (flower)มากที่สุดmâak-tîi-sùtมากที่สุดmâak-tîi-sùt1most; to the greatest degree2the most (amount/number)3at most; no more than
This garden has many types of plants, but I like roses the most.
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พรรณไม้pan-máaiชนิดchá-nítนี้níiต้องการdtɔ̂ng-gaanแสงแดดsɛ̌ɛng-dɛ̀ɛtมากmâakและlɛ́ต้องdtɔ̂ngรดน้ำrót-náamทุกวันtúk-wan
This variety of plant needs a lot of sunlight and must be watered every day.
นักพฤกษศาสตร์nák-prʉ́k-sà-sàatกำลังgam-langจำแนกjam-nɛ̂ɛkพรรณไม้pan-máaiชนิดchá-nítใหม่màiที่tîiเพิ่งpə̂ngค้นพบkón-pópในnaiป่าลึกbpàa-lʉ́k
Botanists are classifying a new variety of plant that was just discovered in the deep forest.
งานนิทรรศการngaan-ní-tát-sà-gaanครั้งนี้kráng-níiจัดแสดงjàt-sà-dɛɛngพรรณไม้pan-máaiหายากhǎa-yâakจากjàakทั่วtûuaทุกมุมtúk-mumโลกlôokซึ่งsʉ̂ngบางชนิดbaang-chá-nítใกล้glâiจะjàสูญพันธุ์sǔun-panแล้วlɛ́ɛo
This exhibition showcases rare plant varieties from all over the world, some of which are nearly extinct.
2NounB2
flora (of a place/time)
the plant life of a particular region, habitat, or period taken collectively.
Examples
อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาใหญ่ùt-tá-yaan-hɛ̀ng-châat-kǎo-yàiอุทยานแห่งชาติเขาใหญ่ùt-tá-yaan-hɛ̀ng-châat-kǎo-yàiKhao Yai National Park (Thailand)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoพรรณไม้pan-máaiพรรณไม้pan-máai1types/kinds of plants; plant varieties2flora (of a place/time)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerอุดมสมบูรณ์ù-dom-sǒm-buunอุดมสมบูรณ์ù-dom-sǒm-buunabundant; fertile; plentifulและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)หลากหลายlàak-lǎaiหลากหลายlàak-lǎai1various; diverse; of many kinds2variously; in many ways
Khao Yai National Park has rich and diverse plant life.
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พรรณไม้pan-máaiในnaiเขตป่าkèet-bpàaฝนfǒnร้อนชื้นrɔ́ɔn-chʉ́ʉnมักจะmák-jàเขียวชอุ่มkǐiao-chá-ùmตลอดทั้งปีdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-táng-bpii
The flora in tropical rainforest zones is usually lush all year round.
การเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศgaan-bplìian-bplɛɛng-sà-pâap-puum-aa-gàatส่งผลกระทบsòng-pǒn-grà-tópโดยตรงdooi-dtrongต่อdtɔ̀ɔพรรณไม้pan-máaiบนดอยbon-dɔɔiสูงsǔungทำให้tam-hâiพืชpʉ̂ʉtบางชนิดbaang-chá-nítไม่สามารถmâi-sǎa-mâatอยู่รอดyùu-rɔ̂ɔtได้dâai
Climate change directly affects the flora on high mountains, making it impossible for some plant species to survive.
นักวิจัยnák-wí-jaiพบว่าpóp-wâaพรรณไม้pan-máaiในพื้นที่nai-pʉ́ʉn-tîiเกาะgɔ̀แห่งนี้hɛ̀ng-níiมีmiiวิวัฒนาการwí-wát-tá-naa-gaanที่tîiเป็นเอกลักษณ์bpen-èek-gà-lákเนื่องจากnʉ̂ʉang-jàakถูกtùukตัดขาดdtàt-kàatจากjàakแผ่นดินใหญ่pɛ̀n-din-yàiมานานmaa-naan
Researchers found that the plant life on this island has a unique evolution because it has been isolated from the mainland for a long time.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is พรรณไม้ said พัน-ไม้?
pan-máai
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ณ, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
pan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
ไม้máaiไม้máai1wood; timber2stick; rod; club; bat3classifier: skewers of food4tone/diacritic mark (Thai orthography)5tool; implementwood; timberPart 2
พรรณไม้pan-máaiพรรณไม้pan-máaitypes/kinds of plants; plant varietiestypes/kinds of plants; plant varietiesWord