ต้นน้ำ
dtôn-náamMeanings
1NounB1
headwaters; river source
The source or uppermost part of a river where it begins; headwaters.
Examples
แม่น้ำสายmɛ̂ɛ-náam-sǎaiแม่น้ำสายmɛ̂ɛ-náam-sǎaithe Sai River (proper name)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoต้นน้ำdtôn-náamต้นน้ำdtôn-náam1headwaters; river source2upper reaches; upstream areaอยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainบนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)ภูเขาpuu-kǎoภูเขาpuu-kǎomountainสูงsǔungสูงsǔung1tall; high (physical height)2high (degree/level/price/rank)3up; to a high position4advanced; elevated (abstract)
This river has its source on a high mountain.
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นักท่องเที่ยวnák-tɔ̂ɔng-tîiaoเดินป่าdəən-bpàaขึ้นไปkʉ̂n-bpaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaดูduuต้นน้ำdtôn-náamที่tîiไหลออกlǎi-ɔ̀ɔkจากjàakถ้ำtâm
The tourists hiked up to see the headwaters flowing out of a cave.
หมู่บ้านmòo bâanเล็กๆlék lékแถวtăeoต้นน้ำdtôn náamใช้cháiน้ำใสnáam săiจากjàakลำธารlam taanเพื่อpêuuaการเกษตรgaan gà-sèet
The small villages near the headwaters use clear stream water for agriculture.
นักวิจัยnák-wí-jaiเก็บgèpตัวอย่างdtuua-yàangน้ำnáamจากjàakต้นน้ำdtôn-náamเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎaคุณภาพน้ำkun-ná-pâap-náamก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàไหลลงlǎi-longสู่sùuพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiตอนล่างdtɔɔn-lâang
Researchers collected water samples from the headwaters to study water quality before it flows downstream.
2NounB2
upper reaches; upstream area
The upper stretch of a river or the area near its source.
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ล่องแพlɔ̂ng-pɛɛล่องแพlɔ̂ng-pɛɛ[to] go raftingจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmจุดนี้jùt-níiจุดนี้jùt-níi1this point; this spot2this point; this stage; this aspectไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyทางtaangทางtaang1way; route; road; path2direction; side3method; means; manner4by; via; through (means or channel)5classifier: roads/routes/ways6in terms of; in the field of7side/party (institutional)ต้นน้ำdtôn-náamต้นน้ำdtôn-náam1headwaters; river source2upper reaches; upstream areaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofดูduuดูduu1[to] look; watch; see2[to] examine; check; inspect3[to] seem; appear4try; have a go5[to] divine; tell fortuneสภาพป่าsà-pâap-bpàaสภาพป่าsà-pâap-bpàaforest condition
We will raft from this point upstream to observe the forest conditions.
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ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaปลาbplaaเยอะขึ้นyə́-kʉ̂nถ้าtâaเดินทางdəən-taangไปbpaiใกล้glâiต้นน้ำdtôn-náamมากกว่าmâak-gwàaเดิมdəəm
Villagers say there are more fish if you travel closer to the upstream area.
โครงการฟื้นฟูkroong-gaan-fʉ́ʉn-fuuลุ่มน้ำlûm-náamเน้นnénปลูกป่าbplùuk-bpàaที่tîiพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiต้นน้ำdtôn-náamเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaลดตะกอนlót-dtà-gɔɔnและlɛ́รักษาrák-sǎaคุณภาพน้ำkun-ná-pâap-náamลงสู่long-sùuตอนล่างdtɔɔn-lâang
The watershed restoration project focuses on reforestation in upstream areas to reduce sediment and maintain water quality downstream.
การสร้างgaan-sâangเขื่อนkʉ̀ʉanขนาดเล็กkà-nàat-lékบริเวณbɔɔ-rí-weenต้นน้ำdtôn-náamช่วยchûuaiชะลอchá-lɔɔน้ำหลากnáam-làakแต่dtɛ̀ɛต้องdtɔ̂ngประเมินผลbprà-məən-pǒnกระทบgrà-tópต่อdtɔ̀ɔชุมชนchum-chonปลายน้ำbplaai-náamด้วยdûuai
Building small dams upstream helps slow floodwaters, but impacts on downstream communities must also be assessed.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
dtôn
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
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ต้นน้ำdtôn-náamต้นน้ำdtôn-náamheadwaters; river sourceheadwaters; river sourceWord