ฉันท์
chǎnMeaning
1NounC1
chan; Thai poetic meter
a Thai verse form based on Pali–Sanskrit prosody, with strict rules for syllable count and rhythm, e.g., Inthrawichian chan and Wasantadilok chan
Examples
ตอนdtɔɔnตอนdtɔɔn1section; part2episode; chapter3when; at the time (of)4time segment; period5classifier for sections, chapters, or episodes6[to] castrate (an animal)7[to] air-layer (a branch)เรียนriianเรียนriian1[to] study; learn2[to] respectfully inform; address (formal)มัธยมmát-tá-yomมัธยมmát-tá-yom1secondary; middle/high school level2secondary school; secondary level3middle; moderate (formal)คุณครูkun-kruuคุณครูkun-kruu1teacher (polite/honorific)2Teacher (respectful title or address)สอนsɔ̌ɔnสอนsɔ̌ɔn1[to] teach [sb] [sth]2[to] admonish; give moral guidanceให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)พวกเราpûuak-raoพวกเราpûuak-rao1we; us2our group; our sideลองlɔɔngลองlɔɔng[to] try; attemptแต่งdtɛ̀ngแต่งdtɛ̀ng1[to] dress; get dressed2[to] marry (colloquial)3[to] decorate; adorn4[to] compose; write5[to] modify; tune; customize6[to] arrange; set; styleบทร้อยกรองbòt-rɔ́ɔi-grɔɔngบทร้อยกรองbòt-rɔ́ɔi-grɔɔngpoem; verseประเภทbprà-pêetประเภทbprà-pêet1type; category; class2classifier: types/categoriesฉันท์chǎnฉันท์chǎnchan; Thai poetic meter
In high school, the teacher taught us to try composing a verse in the 'chan' form.
3 more examplesShow less
อินทรวิเชียรฉันท์in-tá-rá-wí-chian chănเป็นbpenฉันท์chănชนิดหนึ่งchá-nít nèungที่têeมีmeeการกำหนดgaan gam-nòtเสียงsĭiangหนักเบาnàk baoครุkruลหุlá-hùทำให้tam hâiมีmeeท่วงทำนองtûuang tam-nongที่têeไพเราะpai-róเป็นพิเศษbpen pí-sèt
Inthrawichian chan is a type of 'chan' with a defined structure of heavy and light syllables (khru-lahu), giving it a particularly beautiful melody.
การประพันธ์gaan-bprà-panฉันท์chǎnให้hâiถูกต้องtùuk-dtɔ̂ngตามdtaamฉันทลักษณ์chǎn-tá-lákและlɛ́มีmiiความไพเราะkwaam-pai-rɔ́ทางtaangวรรณศิลป์wan-ná-sǐnถือเป็นtʉ̌ʉ-bpenโจทย์jòotที่tîiท้าทายtáa-taaiสำหรับsǎm-ràpกวีgà-wiiอย่างยิ่งyàang-yîng
Composing a 'chan' that is both metrically correct and artistically beautiful is a highly challenging task for a poet.
กวีเอกgà-wii-èekในnaiสมัยรัตนโกสินทร์sà-mǎi-rát-dtà-ná-goo-sǐnได้dâaiรจนาrót-jà-naaสามัคคีเภทคำฉันท์sǎa-mák-kii-pêet-kam-chǎnโดยdooiใช้cháiฉันท์chǎnหลายชนิดlǎai-chá-nítประกอบกันbprà-gɔ̀ɔp-ganอย่างyàangเชี่ยวชาญchîiao-chaanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสื่อsʉ̀ʉอารมณ์aa-romที่tîiแตกต่างกันไปdtɛ̀ɛk-dtàang-gan-bpaiในnaiแต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láตอนdtɔɔn
The master poet of the Rattanakosin period composed 'Samakkhi Phet Kham Chan' by skillfully combining various types of 'chan' to convey different emotions in each section.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ฉันท์ said ฉัน?
chǎn
- Silent letterท์ is silent: the ◌์ mark cancels its sound.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
chǎn
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
ท์ is silent here.
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |