อาวุโส
aa-wú-sǒoMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
senior; higher rank or tenure
Having higher rank, status, or length of service compared to others, especially in a workplace or organization.
Examples
เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)พนักงานpá-nák-ngaanพนักงานpá-nák-ngaan1employee; staff member; worker2attendant; clerk (service role)อาวุโสaa-wú-sǒoอาวุโสaa-wú-sǒo1senior; higher rank or tenure2older; senior by ageกว่าgwàaกว่าgwàa1than (comparative marker)2more than; overฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)สองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondปีbpiiปีbpii1year2classifier: years
She has higher seniority than me by two years.
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หัวหน้าฝ่ายการเงินhǔua-nâa-fàai-gaan-ngənอาวุโสaa-wú-sǒoมีสิทธิ์mii-sìtอนุมัติà-nú-mátงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanมากกว่าmâak-gwàaเจ้าหน้าที่jâao-nâa-tîiทั่วไปtûua-bpai
The senior finance manager has the authority to approve budgets more than regular staff do.
ในnaiทีมteemนี้néeพี่นิดpêe nítเป็นbpenคนkonอาวุโสaa-wú-sŏhที่สุดtêe sùtจึงjeungคอยkoiให้คำปรึกษาhâi kam bprèuk-săaน้องๆnáwng náwng
In this team, Nid is the most senior, so she provides guidance to the juniors.
ตามลำดับdtaam-lam-dàpอาวุโสaa-wú-sǒoเขาkǎoควรkuuanได้รับมอบหมายdâi-ráp-mɔ̂ɔp-mǎaiให้hâiเป็นผู้นำbpen-pûu-namโครงการkroong-gaanมากกว่าmâak-gwàaคนkonที่tîiเพิ่งpə̂ngย้ายเข้ามาyáai-kâo-maa
By order of seniority, he should be assigned to lead the project rather than someone who just transferred in.
2AdjectiveB1
older; senior by age
Older in age relative to others; used to compare generations or age-based seniority.
Examples
พี่ชายpîi-chaaiพี่ชายpîi-chaaiolder brother; elder male siblingอายุมากaa-yú-mâakอายุมากaa-yú-mâakelderly; of advanced age; oldกว่าgwàaกว่าgwàa1than (comparative marker)2more than; overน้องnɔ́ɔngน้องnɔ́ɔng1younger sibling2junior; younger person3I; you (for the younger person)สองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondปีbpiiปีbpii1year2classifier: yearsจึงjʉngจึงjʉng1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)ถือว่าtʉ̌ʉ-wâaถือว่าtʉ̌ʉ-wâa1[to] consider; regard; deem2it can be considered that; it's fair to sayอาวุโสaa-wú-sǒoอาวุโสaa-wú-sǒo1senior; higher rank or tenure2older; senior by ageกว่าgwàaกว่าgwàa1than (comparative marker)2more than; over
The older brother is two years older than the younger one, so he is considered senior.
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ในnaiกลุ่มเพื่อนglùm-pʉ̂ʉanฉันchǎnอาวุโสaa-wú-sǒoที่สุดtîi-sùtเพราะprɔ́เกิดgə̀ətก่อนgɔ̀ɔnทุกคนtúk-kon
In our friend group, I’m the oldest because I was born before everyone else.
คุณตาkun-dtaaอาวุโสaa-wú-sǒoกว่าgwàaคุณยายkun-yaaiเพียงpiiangไม่กี่mâi-gìiเดือนdʉʉanแต่dtɛ̀ɛทั้งtángบ้านbâanยังyangเรียกrîiakท่านtânว่าwâaพี่ตาpîi-dtaaตามธรรมเนียมdtaam-tam-niiam
Grandpa is only a few months older than grandma, but the whole family still calls him ‘Pi Ta’ according to custom.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàอาวุโสaa-wú-sǒoกว่าgwàaเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanร่วมrûuamรุ่นrûnหลายlǎaiปีbpiiเขาkǎoยังyangเลือกlʉ̂ʉakนั่งnângท้ายtáaiวงwongเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiรุ่นน้องrûn-nɔ́ɔngออกหน้าɔ̀ɔk-nâa
Although older than his peers by several years, he still chooses to sit at the back so the younger ones can take the lead.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
aa
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |