ถีน
tǐinMeaning
1NounC2
sloth; torpor
mental sloth or torpor; a dull, sluggish state of mind, especially in Buddhist contexts
Examples
เวลาwee-laaเวลาwee-laa1time2time; period; occasion3when; at the time (that)4classifier: scheduled occasions; meals; dosesที่นั่งสมาธิtîi-nâng-sà-maa-tíที่นั่งสมาธิtîi-nâng-sà-maa-tímeditation seat; place for meditationเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toระวังrá-wangระวังrá-wang1[to] be careful; take care2watch out!; caution!3[to] watch out for; guard againstไม่ให้mâi-hâiไม่ให้mâi-hâi1[to] not give; withhold; refuse to give2[to] not allow; not let; forbid3so that not; in order to preventความง่วงkwaam-ngûuangความง่วงkwaam-ngûuangsleepiness; drowsinessและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)อาการaa-gaanอาการaa-gaan1symptom2state; condition3manner; comportmentถีนtǐinถีนtǐinsloth; torporมิmíมิmínot (formal/literary negative)ทธะtá-náเข้ามาkâo-maaเข้ามาkâo-maa1to come in; enter (toward the speaker)2to join/enter into (activity, group, context)3directional complement ‘in/toward here’ครอบงำkrɔ̂ɔp-ngamครอบงำkrɔ̂ɔp-ngam1[to] dominate; control2[to] overwhelm; dominate (emotion/influence)จิตใจjìt-jaiจิตใจjìt-jai1mind; heart; spirit (inner feelings)2disposition; temperament
When meditating, we must be careful not to let sleepiness and mental sloth dominate the mind.
3 more examplesShow less
ถีนtǐinมิmíทธะtá-náเป็นหนึ่งbpen-nʉ̀ngในnaiนิวรณ์ní-wɔɔnห้าhâaที่tîiขัดขวางkàt-kwǎangไม่ให้mâi-hâiผู้ปฏิบัติธรรมpûu-bpà-dtì-bàt-tamบรรลุถึงban-lú-tʉ̌ngความสงบkwaam-sà-ngòpแห่งhɛ̀ngจิตjìtได้dâai
Thina-middha (sloth and torpor) is one of the five hindrances that prevents practitioners from achieving tranquility of the mind.
เมื่อใดmʉ̂ʉa-daiที่tîiจิตตกjìt-dtòkอยู่ในyùu-naiสภาวะsà-paa-wáถีนtǐinความหดหู่kwaam-hòt-hùuและlɛ́ซึมเซาsʉm-saoจะjàทำtamให้hâiเราraoขาดkàatความกระตือรือร้นkwaam-grà-dtʉʉ-rʉʉ-rónในnaiการใช้ชีวิตgaan-chái-chii-wít
Whenever the mind falls into a state of torpor, depression and sluggishness will cause us to lack enthusiasm for living.
พระอภิธรรมprá-à-pí-tamอธิบายà-tí-baaiว่าwâaถีนtǐinเจตสิกjèet-dtà-sìkคือkʉʉสภาวะsà-paa-wáที่tîiจิตjìtมีmiiความหดหู่kwaam-hòt-hùuท้อถอยtɔ́ɔ-tɔ̌ɔiจากjàakอารมณ์aa-romซึ่งsʉ̂ngเป็นbpenอุปสรรคù-bpà-sàkสำคัญsǎm-kanต่อdtɔ̀ɔการเจริญวิปัสสนาgaan-jà-rəən-wí-bpàt-sà-naa
The Abhidhamma explains that the Thina mental factor is a state where the mind is depressed and retreats from the object, which is a major obstacle to the development of Vipassana.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
tǐin
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |