จำต้อง
jam-dtɔ̂ngMeaning
1VerbB2
[to] be obliged to; must (formal)
to have no choice but to do something; be compelled/obliged to (used before a verb; formal/neutral tone)
Examples
เพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingรถบัสrót-bátรถบัสrót-bátbus; coachคันkanคันkan1itchy2[to] itch; feel itchy3classifier for vehicles4lever; handle5shaft; rod; pole6classifier for fishing rods; poles; handlesสุดท้ายsùt-táaiสุดท้ายsùt-táai1last; final2finally; in the end; ultimatelyออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpaiออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpai1[to] go out; leave; exit2Get out!3out; outward and away4[to] lead out to; extend toแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillจึงjʉngจึงjʉng1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)จำต้องjam-dtɔ̂ngจำต้องjam-dtɔ̂ng[to] be obliged to; must (formal)จ่ายเงินjàai-ngənจ่ายเงินjàai-ngən1[to] pay2[to] disburse; pay outค่าkâaค่าkâa1cost; fee; charge2value; numerical value3worth; value (abstract)4monetary value; worth5polite/friendly address particleแท็กซี่tɛ́k-sîiแท็กซี่tɛ́k-sîitaxi; cab (vehicle/service)เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofกลับบ้านglàp-bâanกลับบ้านglàp-bâan[to] go (back) home; return home
Because the last bus had already left, he had no choice but to pay for a taxi to get home.
3 more examplesShow less
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtขาดทุนkàat-tunอย่างหนักyàang-nàkทำให้tam-hâiพวกเขาpûuak-kǎoจำต้องjam-dtɔ̂ngปิดbpìtสาขาsǎa-kǎaที่tîiไม่mâiทำกำไรtam-gam-rai
The company suffered heavy losses, compelling them to close unprofitable branches.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเผชิญกับpà-chəən-gàpหลักฐานlàk-tǎanที่tîiปฏิเสธbpà-dtì-sèetไม่ได้mâi-dâaiโจทก์jòotก็gɔ̂จำต้องjam-dtɔ̂ngถอนtɔ̌ɔnฟ้องfɔ́ɔngในที่สุดnai-tîi-sùt
When faced with irrefutable evidence, the plaintiff was ultimately compelled to withdraw the lawsuit.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàขัดกับkàt-gàpหลักการlàk-gaanของkɔ̌ɔngตนเองdton-eengแต่dtɛ̀ɛเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂จำต้องjam-dtɔ̂ngยอมyɔɔmทำตามtam-dtaamมติmá-dtìของkɔ̌ɔngที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chumเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaรักษาrák-sǎaความสามัคคีkwaam-sǎa-mák-kiiในnaiทีมtiim
Even though it went against his own principles, he was obliged to comply with the meeting's resolution to maintain team unity.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is จำต้อง said จัม-ต้อง?
jam-dtɔ̂ng
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
jam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
จำjamจำjam1[to] remember; recall2[to] memorize3[to] recognize4defendant (legal shorthand)[to] remember; recallPart 1
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จำต้องjam-dtɔ̂ngจำต้องjam-dtɔ̂ng[to] be obliged to; must (formal)[to] be obliged to; must (formal)Word