คร้าม
kráamMeaning
1VerbB2
[to] be intimidated by; [to] fear
to be intimidated by; to fear; to dread; to hold in awe
Examples
ถึงแม้tʉ̌ng-mɛ́ɛถึงแม้tʉ̌ng-mɛ́ɛ1even though; although2even ifคู่แข่งkûu-kɛ̀ngคู่แข่งkûu-kɛ̀ngcompetitor; rivalจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ตัวdtuuaตัวdtuua1body; self; person (colloq.)2classifier: animals, garments, furniture, certain items; people (informal)3character; figureใหญ่กว่าyài-gwàaใหญ่กว่าyài-gwàabigger; largerแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)รู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀k1[to] feel; sense2[to] feel that…; think (impression/opinion)คร้ามkráamคร้ามkráam[to] be intimidated by; [to] fearเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedแม้แต่น้อยmɛ́ɛ-dtɛ̀ɛ-nɔ́ɔiแม้แต่น้อยmɛ́ɛ-dtɛ̀ɛ-nɔ́ɔinot at all; not in the least
Even though his opponent was bigger, he didn't feel intimidated in the slightest.
3 more examplesShow less
ท่าทางtâa-taangที่tîiดูduuดุดันdù-danของkɔ̌ɔngเจ้านายjâo-naaiทำให้tam-hâiพนักงานใหม่pá-nák-ngaan-màiรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kคร้ามkráamเวลาที่wee-laa-tîiต้องdtɔ̂ngเข้าไปkâo-bpaiคุยด้วยkui-dûuai
The boss's aggressive demeanor makes the new employees feel intimidated when they have to go talk to him.
บารมีbaa-rá-miiและlɛ́อำนาจam-nâatของkɔ̌ɔngนักการเมืองnák-gaan-mʉʉangคนนี้kon-níiทำให้tam-hâiผู้pûuคนในพื้นที่kon-nai-pʉ́ʉn-tîiต่างdtàangรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kคร้ามkráam
The prestige and power of this politician make the local people feel intimidated.
กองทัพgɔɔng-tápของเราkɔ̌ɔng-raoได้รับdâi-rápการฝึกฝนgaan-fʉ̀k-fǒnมาmaaอย่างดีyàang-diiจนjonไม่เคยmâi-kəəiคร้ามkráamต่อdtɔ̀ɔศัตรูsàt-dtruuหน้าไหนnâa-nǎiทั้งสิ้นtáng-sîn
Our army has been well trained to the point of never dreading any enemy whatsoever.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คร, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
kráam
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |