กราฟต์
gráapMeanings
1NounB2
graft (transplanted tissue/plant)
A piece of living tissue (such as skin or bone) or a part of a plant (such as a bud or scion) that is transplanted or inserted into a host.
Examples
หมอmɔ̌ɔหมอmɔ̌ɔ1doctor; physician2veterinarian3expert; specialist (informal)4traditional healer; shamanต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderกราฟต์gráapกราฟต์gráap1graft (transplanted tissue/plant)2[to] graft [sth]ผิวหนังpǐu-nǎngผิวหนังpǐu-nǎngskinจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmต้นขาdtôn-kǎaต้นขาdtôn-kǎathigh; upper legของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎohis; hers; theirsมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerปิดbpìtปิดbpìt1[to] close; shut2[to] turn off; switch off3closed; shut; not open4[to] cover; seal5[to] block; conceal; suppress; withholdแผลไฟไหม้plɛ̌ɛ-fai-mâiแผลไฟไหม้plɛ̌ɛ-fai-mâiburn (injury)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerแขนkɛ̌ɛnแขนkɛ̌ɛn1arm (body part)2arm; extension (of object)3sleeve (of a garment)
The doctor had to use a skin graft from his thigh to cover the burn wound on his arm.
3 more examplesShow less
นี่nîiคือkʉʉกราฟต์gráapของkɔ̌ɔngกิ่งมะม่วงgìng-má-mûuangพันธุ์ดีpan-diiที่tîiเราraoจะjàเอาไปao-bpaiเสียบยอดsìiap-yɔ̂ɔt
This is the graft of a good mango variety that we will use for top-grafting.
การผ่าตัดgaan-pàa-dtàtประสบความสำเร็จbprà-sòp-kwaam-sǎm-rètแต่dtɛ̀ɛร่างกายrâang-gaaiผู้ป่วยpûu-bpùuaiกลับglàpปฏิเสธbpà-dtì-sèetกราฟต์gráapเนื้อเยื่อnʉ́ʉa-yʉ̂ʉaที่tîiปลูกถ่ายbplùuk-tàaiเข้าไปkâo-bpai
The surgery was successful, but the patient's body rejected the tissue graft that was transplanted.
ศัลยแพทย์sǎn-yá-pɛ̂ɛtเลือกใช้lʉ̂ʉak-cháiกราฟต์gráapกระดูกgrà-dùukจากjàakกระดูกเชิงกรานgrà-dùuk-chəəng-graanของkɔ̌ɔngผู้ป่วยpûu-bpùuaiเองeengเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaลดlótความเสี่ยงkwaam-sìiangในnaiการติดเชื้อgaan-dtìt-chʉ́ʉa
The surgeon chose to use a bone graft from the patient's own pelvis to reduce the risk of infection.
2VerbB2
[to] graft [sth]
To transplant living tissue, or to join parts of plants so that they grow together as one.
Examples
ชาวสวนchaao-sǔuanชาวสวนchaao-sǔuanorchard farmer; horticultural farmer; gardener (by trade)กำลังจะgam-lang-jàกำลังจะgam-lang-jàabout to (imminent future)กราฟต์gráapกราฟต์gráap1graft (transplanted tissue/plant)2[to] graft [sth]กิ่งgìngกิ่งgìng1branch; twig (small)2branch; offshoot (figurative)3classifier: branches, twigsมะนาวmá-naaoมะนาวmá-naao1lime (key/Thai lime)2lime treeลงบนlong-bonลงบนlong-bononto; upon (onto a surface)ต้นตอdtôn-dtɔɔต้นตอdtôn-dtɔɔ1origin; root cause2rootstock (horticulture)ส้มโอsôm-ooส้มโอsôm-oo1pomelo (large citrus fruit)2pomelo treeเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiso that; in order thatทนทานton-taanทนทานton-taandurable; hard-wearing; resistant (to)ต่อdtɔ̀ɔต่อdtɔ̀ɔ1[to] continue; go on2per; each (rate/unit)3[to] connect; attach; join4[to] bargain; haggle5to; toward (target of an action or attitude)6[to] renew; extendโรคrôokโรคrôokdisease; illnessมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂nมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂n1more; increasingly2greater; more (than before)
The gardener is about to graft a lime branch onto a pomelo rootstock to make it more disease-resistant.
3 more examplesShow less
ศัลยแพทย์sǎn-yá-pɛ̂ɛtต้องdtɔ̂ngกราฟต์gráapผิวหนังpǐu-nǎngเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaรักษาrák-sǎaแผลplɛ̌ɛขนาดใหญ่kà-nàat-yàiของkɔ̌ɔngผู้ป่วยpûu-bpùuaiรายนี้raai-níi
The surgeon has to graft skin to treat this patient's large wound.
ในnaiการgaanทำสวนtam-sǔuanสมัยใหม่sà-mǎi-màiเราraoสามารถsǎa-mâatกราฟต์gráapพืชpʉ̂ʉtหลายชนิดlǎai-chá-nítบนbonต้นตอdtôn-dtɔɔเดียวdiiaoเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaประหยัดbprà-yàtพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiและlɛ́ได้dâaiผลผลิตpǒn-pà-lìtหลากหลายlàak-lǎai
In modern gardening, we can graft several types of plants onto a single rootstock to save space and get diverse produce.
ศัลยแพทย์sǎn-yá-pɛ̂ɛtกำลังgam-langวางแผนwaang-pɛ̌ɛnที่จะtîi-jàกราฟต์gráapเส้นเลือดsên-lʉ̂ʉatจากjàakขาkǎaของkɔ̌ɔngผู้ป่วยpûu-bpùuaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaใช้cháiทำtamบายพาสbaai-pâatหัวใจhǔua-jai
The surgeon is planning to graft a blood vessel from the patient's leg to use for a heart bypass.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is กราฟต์ said กร๊าบ?
gráap
- Final soundAt the end of a syllable, ฟ is said like บ (p).Silent letterต์ is silent: the ◌์ mark cancels its sound.Spoken toneSaid with a High tone in everyday Thai, as if written กร๊าบ (gráap). The spelling rule would give a Low tone.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid classConsonant clusterIn the cluster กร, the first consonant ก sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ฟ, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
ResultSpoken tone
High tone
gráap
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Spelling rule: Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Spoken tone Said with a High tone in everyday Thai. The spelling rule would give a Low tone, but this loanword follows how it's actually pronounced. Say it as if written กร๊าบ (gráap).
ต์ is silent here.
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
The chart shows the spelling rule. In everyday Thai, this syllable is said with a High tone instead.