จีรณะ
jii-rá-náMeaning
1AdjectiveC2
old; worn out; decayed
old, worn out, decayed, or dilapidated (typically used in literary or formal contexts)
Examples
วัดwátวัดwát1to measure2Buddhist temple3to gauge; assessแห่งนี้hɛ̀ng-níiแห่งนี้hɛ̀ng-níi1here; this place (formal)2this (postposed, formal)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoสภาพsà-pâapสภาพsà-pâap1condition; state2circumstances; situationจีรณะjii-rá-náจีรณะjii-rá-náold; worn out; decayedไปตามbpai-dtaamไปตามbpai-dtaam1[to] go along [sth]; [to] follow [sth]2[to] go get [sb]; [to] fetchกาลเวลาgaan-wee-laaกาลเวลาgaan-wee-laatime; the passage of time (formal/literary)จึงjʉngจึงjʉng1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)ต้องมีdtɔ̂ng-miiต้องมีdtɔ̂ng-mii[to] need to have; be required to haveการบูรณะgaan-buu-rá-náการบูรณะgaan-buu-rá-nárestoration; renovationครั้งใหญ่kráng-yàiครั้งใหญ่kráng-yài1major; large-scale2big time; severely
This temple has become dilapidated over time, so a major restoration is needed.
3 more examplesShow less
แม้mɛ́ɛร่างกายrâang-gaaiจะjàจีรณะjii-rá-náไปตามbpai-dtaamวัยwaiแต่dtɛ̀ɛจิตใจjìt-jaiของkɔ̌ɔngท่านtânยังคงyang-kongแจ่มใสjɛ̀m-sǎiและlɛ́เปี่ยมด้วยbpìiam-dûuaiปัญญาbpan-yaa
Although the physical body decays with age, his mind remains clear and full of wisdom.
โบราณสถานboo-raan-sà-tǎanอันanจีรณะjii-rá-náเหล่านี้lào-níiคือkʉʉหลักฐานlàk-tǎanที่tîiหลงเหลืออยู่lǒng-lʉ̌ʉa-yùuของkɔ̌ɔngอารยธรรมaa-rá-yá-tamในอดีตnai-à-dìit
These decayed ancient sites are the remaining evidence of a past civilization.
สรรพสิ่งsàp-pá-sìngในnaiโลกlôokล้วนlúuanตกdtòkอยู่ภายใต้yùu-paai-dtâaiกฎgòtแห่งhɛ̀ngอนิจจังà-nít-jangสังขารsǎng-kǎanทั้งหลายtáng-lǎaiย่อมyɔ̂mจีรณะjii-rá-náและlɛ́แตกสลายdtɛ̀ɛk-sà-lǎaiไปbpaiเป็นธรรมดาbpen-tam-má-daa
All things in the world are subject to the law of impermanence; all physical bodies naturally decay and dissolve.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is จีรณะ said จี-ระ-นะ?
jii-rá-ná
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
jii
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |