อารยธรรม
aa-rá-yá-tam
Meanings
1NounB1
civilization
an advanced stage of human society with organized institutions, technology, arts, and laws
Examples
อารยธรรมaa-rá-yá-tamอารยธรรมaa-rá-yá-tam1civility; cultural refinement2civilizationคือkeuคือkeu1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.3focus/clarifying marker after subjectสังคมsăng-komสังคมsăng-kom1society; community2social; societal3social circle; social worldที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2that/which/who (relative marker)3at; in; to (before place/recipient)4when; the time that (time marker)5ordinal/degree marker6classifier: place/seat/slotมีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoสถาบันsà-tăa-banสถาบันsà-tăa-ban1institution; establishment2institute (organization)3the monarchy as an institution (Thai context)ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2that/which/who (relative marker)3at; in; to (before place/recipient)4when; the time that (time marker)5ordinal/degree marker6classifier: place/seat/slotเป็นระบบbpen rá-bòpเป็นระบบbpen rá-bòp1systematic; orderly; well-organized2systematically; methodicallyเทคโนโลยีtêk-no-lo-yeeเทคโนโลยีtêk-no-lo-yee1technology2tech; technological systemsศิลปะsĭn-lá-bpàศิลปะsĭn-lá-bpà1art; the arts2artistic skill; craft3fine arts (as a field)และláeและláeand (coordinating)กฎหมายgòt-măaiกฎหมายgòt-măai1law; statute2the law (legal system)3legal code/body of law
A civilization is a society with organized institutions, technology, arts, and laws.
2NounB2
civility; cultural refinement
civilized behavior or cultural refinement in a society
Examples
การgaanการgaan1nominalizer2act; action; process3affair; matterเคารพกติกาkao-róp gà-dtì-gaaเคารพกติกาkao-róp gà-dtì-gaa[to] respect/observe the rules; comply with regulationsเล็กๆlék lékเล็กๆlék lék1small; little; tiny (softened by reduplication)2slightly; a littleน้อยๆnói nóiน้อยๆnói nói1small; slight; little (amount/degree)2slightly; a little; a bitเช่นchênเช่นchên1for example; such as2like; such as (formal)การต่อgaan dtòการต่อgaan dtòconnection; extensionคิวkiwคิวkiw1queue; line2turn in order3appointment slot; booking; schedule4cue (signal)5billiard cue6eyebrow (colloquial)สะท้อนsà-tónสะท้อนsà-tón1[to] reflect; bounce back (light/sound/heat)2[to] mirror; reveal; be indicative ofอารยธรรมaa-rá-yá-tamอารยธรรมaa-rá-yá-tam1civility; cultural refinement2civilizationของkŏngของkŏng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsสังคมsăng-komสังคมsăng-kom1society; community2social; societal3social circle; social world
Respecting small rules like queuing reflects a society’s civilized behavior.