กัลป์
ganMeaning
1NounC1
eon; kalpa (Buddhist cosmology)
A vast period of time in Buddhist and Hindu cosmology (a kalpa); by extension, a very long time.
Examples
รถติดrót-dtìtรถติดrót-dtìt1traffic jam; congestion2[to] have heavy traffic; be congestedมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedวันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀k1[to] feel; sense2[to] feel that…; think (impression/opinion)เหมือนmʉ̌ʉanเหมือนmʉ̌ʉan1similar; alike2like; as3as if; as thoughรอrɔɔรอrɔɔ1[to] wait2[to] wait for; awaitมาเป็นmaa-bpenมาเป็นmaa-bpen1[to] become; serve as2[to] come in (a form/quantity)3for (a duration) up to nowกัลป์ganกัลป์ganeon; kalpa (Buddhist cosmology)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)กว่าจะgwàa-jàกว่าจะgwàa-jànot until; by the time (introducing a clause)ถึงบ้านtʉ̌ng-bâanถึงบ้านtʉ̌ng-bâan[to] arrive home
The traffic is so bad today. It feels like I've been waiting for ages to get home.
3 more examplesShow less
ในทางnai-taangพระพุทธศาสนาprá-pút-tá-sàat-sà-nǎaกล่าวว่าglàao-wâaโลกlôokเกิดขึ้นgə̀ət-kʉ̂nและlɛ́ดับไปdàp-bpaiซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่าsám-lɛ́ɛo-sám-lâoเป็นเวลานานbpen-wee-laa-naanนับnápกัลป์gan
In Buddhism, it is said that the world arises and perishes over and over again for a duration of countless kalpas.
กว่าgwàaสรรพสัตว์sàp-bpà-sàtจะjàหลุดพ้นlùt pónจากjàakวัฏสงสารwát sŏng-săanได้dâiอาจàatต้องdtôngเวียนว่ายตายเกิดwiian wâai dtaai gèrtเป็นเวลาbpen way-laaหลายlăaiอสงไขยà-sŏng-kăiกัลป์gan
For beings to escape the cycle of rebirth, they might have to go through births and deaths for many incalculable kalpas.
ต่อให้dtɔ̀ɔ-hâiต้องdtɔ̂ngรอคอยrɔɔ-kɔɔiไปbpaiอีกìikชั่วchûuaกัลป์ganเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂จะjàยังคงyang-kongมั่นคงmân-kongในnaiความรักkwaam-rákที่tîiมีmiiต่อdtɔ̀ɔเธอtəə
Even if he has to wait for an eternity (a kalpa), he will remain steadfast in his love for her.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is กัลป์ said กัน?
gan
- Final soundAt the end of a syllable, ล is said like น (n).Silent letterป์ is silent: the ◌์ mark cancels its sound.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ล, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
ป์ is silent here.
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |