เข้าทรง
kâo-songMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] be possessed (by a spirit)
To enter a state where a spirit or deity is believed to take control of a person’s body.
Examples
ระหว่างrá-wàangระหว่างrá-wàang1between; among2during3interval; in-between timeงานบุญngaan-bunงานบุญngaan-bun1merit‑making event2charity/fundraising event (by extension)หมอผีmɔ̌ɔ-pǐiหมอผีmɔ̌ɔ-pǐishaman; witch doctor; exorcist; sorcererบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâa1[to] say/tell that; report/declare that2[of text/sign] say/indicate thatตนเองdton-eengตนเองdton-eeng1oneself (reflexive pronoun)2one's own (possessive)3the self; one's identityเข้าทรงkâo-songเข้าทรงkâo-song1[to] be possessed (by a spirit)2[to] act as a spirit mediumและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)เสียงพูดsǐiang-pûutเสียงพูดsǐiang-pûut1speaking voice2speech sound/signalก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerเปลี่ยนไปbplìian-bpaiเปลี่ยนไปbplìian-bpai[to] change; become differentทันทีtan-tiiทันทีtan-tiiimmediately; at once
During the merit-making event, the shaman said he became possessed, and his voice changed immediately.
3 more examplesShow less
ยายyaaiเล่าlâoว่าwâaเคยkəəiเห็นhěnคนkonเข้าทรงkâo-songแล้วlɛ́ɛoมีmiiท่าทีtâa-tiiเหมือนmʉ̌ʉanถูกtùukวิญญาณwin-yaanควบคุมkûuap-kumร่างกายrâang-gaai
Grandma said she once saw someone become possessed and act as if controlled by a spirit.
เมื่อmêuuaกลองglongดังขึ้นdang kûenร่างทรงrâang songเริ่มrêrmสั่นsànและláeเข้าทรงkâo songราวกับraao gàpเทพเจ้าtêp jâoลงมาlong maaควบคุมkûap-kumร่างกายrâang gaai
When the drums sounded, the medium began trembling and became possessed as if a deity had come to control the body.
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanเชื่อว่าchʉ̂ʉa-wâaคนkonที่tîiเข้าทรงkâo-songในnaiพิธีpí-tiiนั้นnánถูกtùukวิญญาณwin-yaanครูบาkruu-baaเข้าควบคุมkâo-kûuap-kumชั่วคราวchûua-kraaoเพื่อสื่อสารpʉ̂ʉa-sʉ̀ʉ-sǎanกับgàpผู้ร่วมงานpûu-rûuam-ngaan
Villagers believe that the person who became possessed in the ritual was temporarily controlled by the spirit of a revered monk to communicate with participants.
2VerbB2
[to] act as a spirit medium
To serve as a medium allowing a spirit to communicate or act through oneself during a ritual.
Examples
คนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: peopleในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)หมู่บ้านmùu-bâanหมู่บ้านmùu-bâan1village; hamlet2housing estate; gated communityเชื่อว่าchʉ̂ʉa-wâaเชื่อว่าchʉ̂ʉa-wâa[to] believe (that) ...ยายyaaiยายyaai1grandmother (maternal)2old woman (informal; can be rude)คนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: peopleนั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)สามารถsǎa-mâatสามารถsǎa-mâat1able; capable2talented; competentเข้าทรงkâo-songเข้าทรงkâo-song1[to] be possessed (by a spirit)2[to] act as a spirit mediumเพื่อสื่อสารpʉ̂ʉa-sʉ̀ʉ-sǎanเพื่อสื่อสารpʉ̂ʉa-sʉ̀ʉ-sǎanin order to communicateกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)วิญญาณwin-yaanวิญญาณwin-yaan1soul; spirit (life force)2ghost; spirit of the deceased3consciousness; awareness (formal)บรรพบุรุษban-pá-bù-rútบรรพบุรุษban-pá-bù-rútancestor; forebearได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
The villagers believe that old woman can serve as a medium to communicate with ancestral spirits.
3 more examplesShow less
เขาkǎoเตรียมdtriiamของไหว้kɔ̌ɔng-wâiมากมายmâak-maaiก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเริ่มrə̂əmพิธีpí-tiiเข้าทรงkâo-songของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoเองeeng
He prepared many offerings before starting his own mediumship ritual.
ร่างทรงrâang-songกำลังจะgam-lang-jàเข้าทรงkâo-songเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiชาวบ้านchaao-bâanได้dâaiถามtǎamคำถามkam-tǎamกับgàpดวงวิญญาณduuang-win-yaanที่tîiเชิญมาchəən-maa
The medium is about to perform the ritual to allow the villagers to ask questions to the invited spirit.
การเข้าทรงgaan-kâo-songเป็นbpenปรากฏการณ์bpraa-gòt-gaanทางวัฒนธรรมtaang-wát-tá-ná-tamที่tîiซับซ้อนsáp-sɔ́ɔnซึ่งsʉ̂ngนักมานุษยวิทยาnák-maa-nút-sà-yá-wít-tá-yaaให้ความสนใจhâi-kwaam-sǒn-jaiศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎa
Serving as a spirit medium is a complex cultural phenomenon that anthropologists are interested in studying.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is เข้าทรง said เข้า-ซง?
kâo-song
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Falling tone
kâo
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
High class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
เข้าkâoเข้าkâo1[to] enter; go in2[to] put in; insert3[to] understand4[to] join; enter (an organization, school, etc.)5[to] fit; suit; match6rice (archaic; dialectal)7[to] enter; reach (a period or stage)[to] enter; go inPart 1
+
ทรงsongทรงsong1shape; form2style; look (e.g., hairstyle)3[royal] to have; possess4[royal] to be; to do5(royal) honorific prefixshape; formPart 2
เข้าทรงkâo-songเข้าทรงkâo-song[to] be possessed (by a spirit)[to] be possessed (by a spirit)Word