จตุ
jà-dtùMeaning
1NounC1
four
four (typically used as a prefix in formal, religious, or literary words of Pali and Sanskrit origin)
Examples
คุณยายkun-yaaiคุณยายkun-yaaimaternal grandmother; respectful term for an elderly womanเตรียมdtriiamเตรียมdtriiam[to] prepare; get readyจตุปัจจัยjà-dtù-bpàt-jaiจตุปัจจัยjà-dtù-bpàt-jaiThe four requisites in Buddhism; donations (esp. money) to monksใส่sàiใส่sài1[to] put in; [to] add2[to] wear; [to] put on3[to] include; [to] insert (data, settings)4[to] attack; [to] go at (colloq.)ถาดtàatถาดtàat1tray2classifier: traysเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofนำไปnam-bpaiนำไปnam-bpai[to] take; carry; bring [sb/sth] (away/to somewhere)ถวายtà-wǎaiถวายtà-wǎai1to offer (to royalty/monastics)2[to] dedicate/offer merit (to royalty/monastics)3to serve (royalty/monastics)พระสงฆ์prá-sǒngพระสงฆ์prá-sǒng1the monastic order; Buddhist clergy2a monk (formal/literary)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerวัดwátวัดwát1to measure2Buddhist temple3to gauge; assessในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)เช้าcháoเช้าcháo1morning2morning; early-morning3in the morningวันพรุ่งนี้wan-prûng-níiวันพรุ่งนี้wan-prûng-níi1tomorrow (the day after today)2tomorrow; on the day after today
Grandma prepared the four necessities on a tray to offer to the monks at the temple tomorrow morning.
3 more examplesShow less
ในnaiวิชาประวัติศาสตร์wí-chaa-bprà-wàt-dtì-sàatเราraoได้dâaiเรียนriianว่าwâaการปกครองgaan-bpòk-krɔɔngสมัยอยุธยาsà-mǎi-à-yút-tá-yaaตอนต้นdtɔɔn-dtônแบ่งออกเป็นbɛ̀ng-ɔ̀ɔk-bpenระบบrá-bòpจตุสดมภ์jà-dtù-sà-dom
In history class, we learned that the administration in the early Ayutthaya period was divided into the Jatusadom (Four Pillars) system.
พุทธศาสนิกชนpút-tá-sǎa-sà-ník-gà-chonผู้pûuมีmiiจิตศรัทธาjìt-sàt-taaร่วมกันrûuam-ganบริจาคbɔɔ-rí-jàakจตุปัจจัยjà-dtù-bpàt-jaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสมทบทุนsǒm-tóp-tunสร้างsâangพระอุโบสถprá-ù-boo-sòtหลังlǎngใหม่màiให้hâiลุล่วงlú-lûuangตามdtaamวัตถุประสงค์wát-tù-bprà-sǒng
Devout Buddhists joined together to donate the four necessities to contribute funds for the successful construction of the new ordination hall according to the objective.
ระบบrá-bòpจตุสดมภ์jà-dtù-sà-domอันanประกอบด้วยbprà-gɔ̀ɔp-dûuaiเวียงwiiangวังwangคลังklangและlɛ́นาnaaถือเป็นtʉ̌ʉ-bpenกลไกgon-gaiสำคัญsǎm-kanในnaiการบริหารราชการแผ่นดินgaan-bɔɔ-rí-hǎan-râat-chá-gaan-pɛ̀n-dinที่tîiช่วยchûuaiสร้างความมั่นคงsâang-kwaam-mân-kongให้แก่hâi-gɛ̀ɛอาณาจักรaa-naa-jàk
The Jatusadom system, consisting of the City, Palace, Treasury, and Agriculture ministries, was a crucial mechanism in state administration that helped build stability for the kingdom.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is จตุ said จะ-ตุ?
jà-dtù
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
jà
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |