ครำ
kramMeaning
1NounB2
pool of stagnant wastewater; cesspool
a small pool or pit in which dirty wastewater collects and stagnates
Examples
น้ำnáamน้ำnáam1water2liquid; fluid3juice; extract4sauce; broth5bodily fluid (in compounds)6served with broth7empty words; fillerล้างจานláang-jaanล้างจานláang-jaan[to] wash dishes; do the dishesไหลลงlǎi-longไหลลงlǎi-long[to] flow downครำkramครำkrampool of stagnant wastewater; cesspoolหลังบ้านlǎng-bâanหลังบ้านlǎng-bâan1back of the house; backyard2domestic affairs; family side (figurative)3wife (figurative)4back office; behind-the-scenes operationsจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofส่งกลิ่นsòng-glìnส่งกลิ่นsòng-glìn1[to] emit a smell2[fig.] [to] seem suspicious; arouse suspicionเหม็นměnเหม็นměn1foul-smelling; stinky2[to] stink; smell bad
Dishwashing wastewater drains into a stagnant pit behind the house, making it stink.
3 more examplesShow less
แม่mɛ̂ɛเตือนdtʉʉanไม่ให้mâi-hâiเด็กdèkไปbpaiเล่นlênใกล้glâiครำkramเพราะprɔ́มีmiiน้ำnáamสกปรกsòk-gà-bpròkขังkǎngอยู่yùu
The mother warned the children not to play near the wastewater pit because it contained stagnant, dirty water.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaรื้อrʉ́ʉพื้นไม้pʉ́ʉn-máaiหลังlǎngครัวkruuaออกɔ̀ɔkช่างchâangก็gɔ̂พบpópครำkramที่tîiมีmiiน้ำเสียnáam-sǐiaสะสมsà-sǒmอยู่ใต้yùu-dtâaiบ้านbâanมานานmaa-naan
When the workers removed the wooden flooring behind the kitchen, they discovered a pit beneath the house where wastewater had been collecting for a long time.
แทนที่จะtɛɛn-tîi-jàปล่อยให้bplɔ̀i-hâiน้ำเสียnáam-sǐiaไหลlǎiไปbpaiรวมกันruuam-ganในnaiครำkramข้างบ้านkâang-bâanเจ้าของบ้านjâao-kɔ̌ɔng-bâanให้hâiช่างchâangวางwaangท่อtɔ̂ɔเชื่อมchʉ̂ʉamกับgàpระบบบำบัดน้ำเสียrá-bòp-bam-bàt-náam-sǐia
Rather than letting wastewater collect in a stagnant pit beside the house, the homeowner had a plumber install a pipe connecting to the wastewater treatment system.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ครำ said ครัม?
kram
- Vowel spellingThe vowel ำ already ends in an m sound, so it is respelled ัม.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คร, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
kram
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |