หนำซ้ำ
nǎm-sámMeaning
1AdverbB1
moreover; on top of that; to make matters worse
In addition to what has already been mentioned, typically introducing another unfavorable circumstance or emphasizing an added difficulty.
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentอากาศร้อนaa-gàat-rɔ́ɔnอากาศร้อนaa-gàat-rɔ́ɔnhot weatherหนำซ้ำnǎm-sámหนำซ้ำnǎm-sámmoreover; on top of that; to make matters worseพัดลมpát-lomพัดลมpát-lomfan (electric)ยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardเสียอีกsǐia-ìikเสียอีกsǐia-ìik1even; all the more2on the contrary; unexpectedly
It's hot today, and to make matters worse, the fan is broken.
3 more examplesShow less
รถเมล์rót-meeมาmaaช้าcháaหนำซ้ำnǎm-sámฝนfǒnยังyangตกหนักdtòk-nàkฉันchǎnเลยləəiไปทำงานbpai-tam-ngaanสายsǎai
The bus was late, and on top of that, it was raining heavily, so I got to work late.
ห้องนี้hɔ̂ng-níiค่าเช่าkâa-châoแพงpɛɛngหนำซ้ำnǎm-sámยังอยู่yang-yùuไกลglaiจากjàakที่ทำงานtîi-tam-ngaanเราraoเลยləəiไม่mâiเช่าchâo
This room is expensive to rent, and on top of that, it's far from work, so we decided not to rent it.
โครงการkroong-gaanนี้níiล่าlâaช้ากว่าcháa-gwàaกำหนดgam-nòtไปbpaiมากmâakหนำซ้ำnǎm-sámงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanที่tîiได้รับdâi-rápยังyangถูกtùukตัดdtàtลดลงlót-longจึงjʉngต้องdtɔ̂ngปรับbpràpแผนpɛ̌ɛnการทำงานgaan-tam-ngaanใหม่mài
The project is far behind schedule, and to make matters worse, its allocated budget has been cut, so the work plan needs to be revised.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh classLeading หA silent ห before น puts this syllable in high class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
nǎm
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |