สัณฑ์
sǎnMeaning
1NounC2
forest; thicket
a forest, woods, or thicket (typically used in literary or poetic contexts)
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)วรรณคดีไทยwan-ná-ká-dii-taiวรรณคดีไทยwan-ná-ká-dii-taiThai literatureคำว่าkam-wâaคำว่าkam-wâathe word/term (introductory marker)สัณฑ์sǎnสัณฑ์sǎnforest; thicketมักmákมักmák1often; usually2[to] tend to; usually [do sth]3fond of; inclined toถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3[to] touch; come into contact with [sb/sth]4to be correct/right5proper; morally right6[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)7passive marker (often adverse)นำมาใช้nam-maa-cháiนำมาใช้nam-maa-chái1[to] use; apply; utilize; employ [sth]2[to] adopt; implement [sth]ประกอบbprà-gɔ̀ɔpประกอบbprà-gɔ̀ɔp1[to] assemble; put together2[to] consist of; be composed of3[to] perform (duties/rituals)4[to] accompany; go together withคำkamคำkam1word; term2classifier for words/utterances3speech; saying; utteranceอื่นʉ̀ʉnอื่นʉ̀ʉn1other; different; else2other; anotherเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofบรรยายถึงban-yaai-tʉ̌ngบรรยายถึงban-yaai-tʉ̌ng[to] describe [sth/sb]; [to] lecture about [sth]ความอุดมสมบูรณ์kwaam-ù-dom-sǒm-buunความอุดมสมบูรณ์kwaam-ù-dom-sǒm-buun1abundance; plenty2fertility (of land/ecosystems)ของป่าkɔ̌ɔng-bpàaของป่าkɔ̌ɔng-bpàa1forest products; wild produce2bushmeat; wild gameไม้máaiไม้máai1wood; timber2stick; rod; club; bat3classifier: skewers of food4tone/diacritic mark (Thai orthography)5tool; implement
In Thai literature, the word "san" is often combined with other words to describe the abundance of the forest.
3 more examplesShow less
พระธุดงค์prá-tú-dongเดินdəənจาริกjaa-ríkเข้าไปในkâo-bpai-naiพนาสัณฑ์pá-naa-sǎnอันanเงียบสงบngîiap-sà-ngòpเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaบำเพ็ญเพียรbam-pen-piian
The wandering monk journeyed into the tranquil woods to practice meditation.
เสียงนกร้องsǐiang-nók-rɔ́ɔngก้องกังวานgɔ̂ɔng-gang-waanไปทั่วbpai-tûuaทั้งtángไพรสัณฑ์prai-sǎnในnaiยามyaamรุ่งอรุณrûng-à-run
The sound of birds singing echoes throughout the forest at dawn.
กวีพรรณนาgà-wii-pan-ná-naaถึงtʉ̌ngความงามkwaam-ngaamของkɔ̌ɔngพนาสัณฑ์pá-naa-sǎnที่tîiเต็มไปด้วยdtem-bpai-dûuaiหมู่mùuมวลmuuanพฤกษาprʉ́k-sǎaนานาพรรณnaa-naa-panได้dâaiอย่างวิจิตรบรรจงyàang-wí-jìt-ban-jong
The poet exquisitely described the beauty of the forest filled with various kinds of flora.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is สัณฑ์ said สัน?
sǎn
- Final soundAt the end of a syllable, ณ is said like น (n).Silent letterฑ์ is silent: the ◌์ mark cancels its sound.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ณ, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
sǎn
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
ฑ์ is silent here.
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |