บรรณ
banMeaning
1NounC1
book; written document; leaf (literary)
A learned word of Pali/Sanskrit origin meaning a book, written document, or leaf; commonly used as an element in formal compounds.
Examples
บรรณารักษ์ban-naa-rákบรรณารักษ์ban-naa-ráklibrarianแนะนำnɛ́-namแนะนำnɛ́-nam1[to] recommend2[to] introduce [sb]3[to] advise; give guidance4[to] brief; orientหนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉหนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉ1book (printed work)2document; letterที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerน่าสนใจnâa-sǒn-jaiน่าสนใจnâa-sǒn-jai1interesting2worth considering; appealingให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)อ่านàanอ่านàan1[to] read2[to] read aloud; pronounce3[to] interpret; make sense of4[to] read data (computing)
The librarian recommended an interesting book for me to read.
3 more examplesShow less
บรรณาธิการban-naa-tí-gaanมีหน้าที่mii-nâa-tîiตรวจสอบdtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpความถูกต้องkwaam-tùuk-dtɔ̂ngของkɔ̌ɔngข้อมูลkɔ̂ɔ-muunก่อนgɔ̀ɔnตีพิมพ์dtii-pim
The editor is responsible for checking the accuracy of information before publication.
การเขียนgaan-kǐianบรรณานุกรมban-naa-nú-gromที่tîiถูกต้องtùuk-dtɔ̂ngตามdtaamหลักสากลlàk-sǎa-gonเป็นbpenสิ่งจำเป็นsìng-jam-bpenสำหรับsǎm-ràpงานวิชาการngaan-wí-chaa-gaanทุกtúkชิ้นchín
Writing a bibliography according to international standards is essential for every academic work.
พิพิธภัณฑ์pí-pít-tá-panแห่งนี้hɛ̀ng-níiได้dâaiรวบรวมrûuap-ruuamบรรณสารban-ná-sǎanและlɛ́เอกสารโบราณèek-gà-sǎan-boo-raanที่tîiหาดูhǎa-duuได้dâaiยากyâakไว้wáiมากมายmâak-maai
This museum has collected a vast number of rare literary works and ancient documents.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is บรรณ said บัน?
ban
- Vowel spellingThe double รร is read as a vowel (“a” or “an”), not as two ร.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ณ, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
ban
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |