น้ำครำ
náam-kramMeaning
1NounB1
wastewater; sewage; stagnant dirty water
Dirty, stagnant, and often foul-smelling water, such as wastewater in a drain or sewer.
Examples
ระวังrá-wangระวังrá-wang1[to] be careful; watch out (for)2watch out!; caution!อย่าyàaอย่าyàadon’t; do not (negative imperative)เหยียบyìiapเหยียบyìiap1[to] step on; tread on2[to] press (a pedal) with the foot3[to] crush/flatten underfoot4[to] reach (a speed of)น้ำครำnáam-kramน้ำครำnáam-kramwastewater; sewage; stagnant dirty waterตรงนั้นdtrong-nánตรงนั้นdtrong-nán1there; at that spot2that place3that … there (post-nominal)
Be careful! Don't step in that sewage water over there.
3 more examplesShow less
ฝนตกหนักfǒn-dtòk-nàkจนjonน้ำครำnáam-kramจากjàakท่อระบายน้ำtɔ̂ɔ-rá-baai-náamเอ่อล้นə̀ə-lónขึ้นมาkʉ̂n-maaบนbonถนนtà-nǒn
It rained so hard that the wastewater from the drain overflowed onto the street.
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanร้องเรียนrɔ́ɔng-riianเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangกลิ่นglìnเหม็นměnของkɔ̌ɔngน้ำครำnáam-kramที่tîiถูกtùukปล่อยออกมาbplɔ̀i-ɔ̀ɔk-maaจากjàakโรงงานroong-ngaan
The villagers complained about the foul smell of the wastewater being discharged from the factory.
การgaanจัดการปัญหาjàt-gaan-bpan-hǎaน้ำครำnáam-kramในnaiชุมชนเมืองchum-chon-mʉʉangเป็นbpenความท้าทายkwaam-táa-taaiสำคัญsǎm-kanด้านdâanสาธารณสุขsǎa-taa-rá-ná-sùk
Managing the problem of wastewater in urban communities is a major public health challenge.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is น้ำครำ said น้ำ-ครัม?
náam-kram
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
náam
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
น้ำครำnáam-kramน้ำครำnáam-kramwastewater; sewage; stagnant dirty waterwastewater; sewage; stagnant dirty waterWord