คำเตือน
kam-dtʉʉanMeaning
1NounA2
warning; caution
a statement or notice that alerts people to danger, risk, or rules they must follow (e.g., on signs, labels, or announcements)
Examples
ป้ายbpâaiป้ายbpâai1sign; signboard2label; tag3classifier for signs/labels4[to] smear; dab; applyนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoคำเตือนkam-dtʉʉanคำเตือนkam-dtʉʉanwarning; cautionว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeพื้นpʉ́ʉnพื้นpʉ́ʉn1floor2ground; base surface; bottom3plain; unpatterned4basis; level; background (figurative)5background (color/pattern)ลื่นlʉ̂ʉnลื่นlʉ̂ʉn1slippery; slick2[to] be slippery; slide3smooth; seamless (process/experience)4slick; glib (speech/behavior)
This sign has a warning that the floor is slippery.
3 more examplesShow less
The medicine label has a warning that says "Do not drive after taking this medicine."
เจ้าหน้าที่jâao-nâa-tîiประกาศbprà-gàatคำเตือนkam-dtʉʉanเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangคลื่นลมklʉ̂ʉn-lomแรงrɛɛngในnaiทะเลtá-leeวันนี้wan-níi
The official announced a warning about strong wind and waves in the sea today.
ธนาคารtá-naa-kaanส่งsòngอีเมลii-meenพร้อมprɔ́ɔmคำเตือนkam-dtʉʉanให้hâiลูกค้าlûuk-káaระวังrá-wangมิจฉาชีพmít-chǎa-chîipที่tîiแอบอ้างɛ̀ɛp-âangเป็นbpenพนักงานpá-nák-ngaan
The bank sent an email with a warning for customers to be aware of scammers pretending to be employees.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is คำเตือน said คัม-เตือน?
kam-dtʉʉan
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
kam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
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คำเตือนkam-dtʉʉanคำเตือนkam-dtʉʉanwarning; cautionwarning; cautionWord