ปาณินิ
bpaa-ní-níMeaning
1Proper nounB2
Pāṇini, Sanskrit grammarian
the renowned ancient Indian scholar of Sanskrit grammar, traditionally dated to around the 4th century BCE, author of the Aṣṭādhyāyī; standard transliteration: Pāṇini
Examples
ตอนdtɔɔnตอนdtɔɔn1section; part2episode; chapter3when; at the time (of)4time segment; period5classifier for sections, chapters, or episodes6[to] castrate (an animal)7[to] air-layer (a branch)เรียนriianเรียนriian1[to] study; learn2[to] respectfully inform; address (formal)วิชาwí-chaaวิชาwí-chaa1subject; course; field of study2classifier: courses/subjects3knowledge; skill; discipline4esoteric or magical artsภาษาศาสตร์paa-sǎa-sàatภาษาศาสตร์paa-sǎa-sàatlinguisticsอาจารย์aa-jaanอาจารย์aa-jaan1teacher; instructor; professor (esp. tertiary)2honorific/title for a teacher3master (spiritual/martial/arts)ได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerพูดถึงpûut-tʉ̌ngพูดถึงpûut-tʉ̌ng1talk about; mention; bring up2speaking of ...; regarding ...ปาณินิbpaa-ní-níปาณินิbpaa-ní-níPāṇini, Sanskrit grammarianและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ผลงานpǒn-ngaanผลงานpǒn-ngaanwork; output; achievementของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuffท่านtânท่านtân1you (formal/polite)2he; she (honorific)3sir; madam4honorific title5classifier (polite for persons)
When studying linguistics, the professor mentioned Pāṇini and his work.
3 more examplesShow less
หนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉไวยากรณ์wai-yaa-gɔɔnภาษาpaa-sǎaสันสกฤตsǎn-sà-grìtของkɔ̌ɔngปาณินิbpaa-ní-níมีชื่อเสียงmii-chʉ̂ʉ-sǐiangและlɛ́เป็นที่ยอมรับbpen-tîi-yɔɔm-rápไปbpaiทั่วโลกtûua-lôok
Pāṇini's Sanskrit grammar book is famous and recognized worldwide.
คัมภีร์อัษฏาธยายีkam-pee àt-sà-dtaa-tá-yaa-yeeของkŏngปาณินิbpaa-ni-niได้รับdâi rápการยกย่องgaan yók yôngว่าwâaเป็นbpenรากฐานrâak tăanของkŏngภาษาศาสตร์paa-săa-sàatยุคใหม่yúk màiด้วยdûuayความลุ่มลึกkwaam lûm lúkและláeเป็นระบบbpen rá-bòp
Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī is acclaimed as the foundation of modern linguistics due to its depth and systematic approach.
นักวิชาการnák-wí-chaa-gaanยังคงyang-kongศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎaแนวคิดnɛɛo-kítทางtaangไวยากรณ์wai-yaa-gɔɔnของkɔ̌ɔngปาณินิbpaa-ní-níซึ่งsʉ̂ngมีmiiความซับซ้อนkwaam-sáp-sɔ́ɔnและlɛ́ล้ำสมัยlám-sà-mǎiเกินกว่าgəən-gwàaยุคสมัยyúk-sà-mǎiของkɔ̌ɔngท่านtân
Scholars still study the grammatical concepts of Pāṇini, which were more complex and advanced than his era.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ปาณินิ said ปา-นิ-นิ?
bpaa-ní-ní
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
bpaa
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |