ปัณฑระ
bpan-tá-ráMeaning
1AdjectiveC2
white; yellowish-white
white; yellowish-white; pale (typically used in literary, poetic, or formal contexts)
Examples
ดอกไม้ป่าdɔ̀ɔk-máai-bpàaดอกไม้ป่าdɔ̀ɔk-máai-bpàawildflowerสีsǐiสีsǐi1color2paint3[to] rub; scrub; polish4flush (poker)5[to] mill; husk (rice)6[to] play (a bowed instrument)ปัณฑระbpan-tá-ráปัณฑระbpan-tá-ráwhite; yellowish-whiteบานสะพรั่งbaan-sà-prângบานสะพรั่งbaan-sà-prâng1[to] be in full bloom2in full bloom3[to] flourish; abound (fig.)อยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainริมrimริมrim1edge; rim; border2outermost; at the edgeลำธารlam-taanลำธารlam-taanstream; brookท่ามกลางtâam-glaangท่ามกลางtâam-glaangamid; amongความร่มรื่นkwaam-rôm-rʉ̂ʉnความร่มรื่นkwaam-rôm-rʉ̂ʉnleafy shade; pleasant coolnessของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuffต้นไม้ใหญ่dtôn-máai-yàiต้นไม้ใหญ่dtôn-máai-yàilarge tree; big tree
The pale white wildflowers bloomed along the stream amidst the shade of the large trees.
3 more examplesShow less
กวีgà-wiiมักจะmák-jàเปรียบเทียบbprìiap-tîiapความบริสุทธิ์kwaam-bɔɔ-rí-sùtของkɔ̌ɔngหญิงสาวyǐng-sǎaoกับgàpสีsǐiปัณฑระbpan-tá-ráของkɔ̌ɔngดอกมะลิdɔ̀ɔk-má-líในnaiยามเช้าyaam-cháao
Poets often compare a maiden's purity to the yellowish-white hue of jasmine in the morning.
แสงจันทร์sɛ̌ɛng-janวันเพ็ญwan-penสาดส่องsàat-sɔ̀ɔngลงมาlong-maaกระทบgrà-tópผิวน้ำpǐu-náamเกิดgə̀ətเป็นประกายbpen-bprà-gaaiสีsǐiปัณฑระbpan-tá-ráที่tîiงดงามngót-ngaamราวกับraao-gàpภาพpâapฝันfǎn
The light of the full moon shone down upon the water's surface, creating a pale white sparkle that was as beautiful as a dream.
ในnaiวรรณคดีโบราณwan-ná-ká-dii-boo-raanมักmákปรากฏbpraa-gòtการพรรณนาgaan-pan-ná-naaถึงtʉ̌ngช้างเผือกcháang-pʉ̀ʉakคู่บารมีkûu-baa-rá-miiว่าwâaมีmiiผิวกายpǐu-gaaiสีsǐiปัณฑระbpan-tá-ráผ่องแผ้วpɔ̀ng-pɛ̂ɛoซึ่งsʉ̂ngเป็นbpenมงคลmong-konลักlákษณ์sàตามdtaamตำราdtam-raaคชkótศาสตร์sàat
In ancient literature, there are often descriptions of a royal white elephant possessing a radiant pale-white complexion, which is an auspicious physical trait according to the treatise on elephants.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ปัณฑระ said ปัน-ทะ-ระ?
bpan-tá-rá
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
bpan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |