ปฏิฆะ
bpà-dtì-káMeaning
1NounC2
anger; resentment; aversion
Anger, resentment, hatred, or aversion, often used in Buddhist teachings to describe a negative mental state of resistance or hostility.
Examples
การฝึกgaan fèukการฝึกgaan fèuktraining; practice; drillทำสมาธิtam sà-maa-tíทำสมาธิtam sà-maa-tí[to] meditateเป็นประจำbpen bprà-jamเป็นประจำbpen bprà-jamregularly; habitually; routinelyช่วยให้chûuai hâiช่วยให้chûuai hâi[to] enable; help [sb/sth] (to) do [sth]; make [sth] possible/easierเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ลดlótลดlót1[to] reduce; decrease; lessen; drop2[to] lower (price); discount; mark down3[to] lower [sth]ปฏิฆะbpà-dtì-káปฏิฆะbpà-dtì-káanger; resentment; aversionในใจnai jaiในใจnai jaiinwardly; to oneselfและláeและláeand (coordinating)พบกับpóp gàpพบกับpóp gàp[to] meet with [sb]; [to] encounter [sth]ความสงบkwaam sà-ngòpความสงบkwaam sà-ngòp1calmness; tranquility2quiet; stillness3peace (absence of conflict)4public order; law and order (official)มากขึ้นmâak kêunมากขึ้นmâak kêun1more; increasingly2greater; more (than before)
Practicing meditation regularly helps us reduce aversion in our minds and find more peace.
3 more examplesShow less
ตามdtaamหลักคำสอนlàk-kam-sɔ̌ɔnทางtaangพระพุทธศาสนาprá-pút-tá-sàat-sà-nǎaปฏิฆะbpà-dtì-káเป็นbpenกิเลสgì-lèetที่tîiทำให้tam-hâiจิตใจjìt-jaiขุ่นมัวkùn-muuaและlɛ́บดบังbòt-bangปัญญาbpan-yaa
According to Buddhist teachings, aversion is a defilement that clouds the mind and obscures wisdom.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเกิดgə̀ətปฏิฆะbpà-dtì-káต่อdtɔ̀ɔผู้ใดpûu-daiควรkuuanเจริญjà-rəənเมตตาภาวนาmêet-dtaa-paa-wá-naaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaดับไฟdàp-faiแห่งhɛ̀ngความโกรธkwaam-gròotแค้นkɛ́ɛnในใจnai-jaiตนเองdton-eeng
When aversion arises towards anyone, one should practice loving-kindness meditation to extinguish the fire of hatred in one's own heart.
พระอรหันต์prá o-rá-hănเป็นbpenผู้ที่pôo têeละláปฏิฆะbpà-dtì-káได้dâiอย่างสิ้นเชิงyàang sîn cherngแล้วláeoจิตjìtของkŏngท่านtâanจึงjeungไม่หวั่นไหวmâi wàn wăiต่อdtòโลกธรรมlôhk tamที่têeเข้ามาkâo maaกระทบgrà-tóp
An Arahant (enlightened being) has completely eradicated aversion, rendering their mind unshakeable by worldly conditions that impinge upon it.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ปฏิฆะ said ปะ-ติ-คะ?
bpà-dtì-ká
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
bpà
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |