ตราบจน
dtràap-jonMeaning
1ConjunctionB1
until; up until
A conjunction marking the endpoint of a period or action: until or up to the time when something happens.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillยืนรอyʉʉn-rɔɔยืนรอyʉʉn-rɔɔ[to] stand and wait [for sb/sth]แฟนfɛɛnแฟนfɛɛn1romantic partner2fan; supporterตราบจนdtràap-jonตราบจนdtràap-jonuntil; up untilฟ้ามืดfáa-mʉ̂ʉtฟ้ามืดfáa-mʉ̂ʉtthe sky is dark; [to] get dark (sky)
He stood waiting for his girlfriend until it got dark.
3 more examplesShow less
คุณยายkun yaaiทำงานหนักtam ngaan nàkเลี้ยงลูกlíiang lôokมาmaaตราบจนdtràap jonลูกlôokทุกคนtúk konเรียนจบriian jòpและláeมีmeeงานทำngaan tam
The grandmother worked hard to raise her children until all of them graduated and had jobs.
We will continue to fight until we achieve victory.
มนุษย์má-nútได้dâiพยายามpà-yaa-yaamไขkăiปริศนาbprìt-sà-năaของkŏngจักรวาลjàk-grà-waanนับตั้งแต่náp dtâng-dtàeอดีตกาลà-dèet gaanตราบจนdtràap jonปัจจุบันbpàt-jù-banแต่dtàeก็gâwยังyangมีmeeอีกèekหลายlăaiสิ่งที่sìng têeยังคงyang kongเป็นbpenความลับkwaam láp
Mankind has tried to solve the mysteries of the universe from ancient times until the present, but many things still remain a secret.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid classConsonant clusterIn the cluster ตร, the first consonant ต sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -บ, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
dtràap
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
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ตราบจนdtràap-jonตราบจนdtràap-jonuntil; up untiluntil; up untilWord