สำมะหา
sǎm-má-hǎaMeaning
1ConjunctionC1
let alone; not to mention
let alone; not to mention; much less
Examples
แค่kɛ̂ɛแค่kɛ̂ɛ1only; just2up to; as far as; only as much asเดินขึ้นdəən-kʉ̂nเดินขึ้นdəən-kʉ̂n[to] walk up [sth]; [to] ascend on footบันไดban-daiบันไดban-dai1stairs; staircase2ladder3stairway (figurative path upward)ยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardเหนื่อยnʉ̀ʉaiเหนื่อยnʉ̀ʉai1tired; exhausted2[to] get tired; become tired3tiring; exhausting4[to] be short of breath (medical)สำมะหาsǎm-má-hǎaสำมะหาsǎm-má-hǎalet alone; not to mentionอะไรà-raiอะไรà-rai1what2what; what kind of (modifier)3something; anything (unspecified)4what? (interjection of surprise/confusion)กับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)การgaanการgaan1nominalizer2work; business; matterวิ่งมาราธอนwîng-maa-raa-tɔɔnวิ่งมาราธอนwîng-maa-raa-tɔɔn1[to] run a marathon2marathon running
Just walking up the stairs is tiring, let alone running a marathon.
3 more examplesShow less
เขาkǎoไม่เคยmâi-kəəiช่วยงานchûuai-ngaanบ้านbâanเลยləəiสำมะหาsǎm-má-hǎaอะไรà-raiจะjàมาช่วยmaa-chûuaiซ่อมsɔ̂mรถrótที่tîiเสียsǐia
He never helps with housework, let alone comes to help repair the broken car.
รัฐบาลrát-tà-baanยังyangแก้ปัญหาgɛ̂ɛ-bpan-hǎaน้ำท่วมnáam-tûuamในnaiเมืองหลวงmʉʉang-lǔuangไม่ได้mâi-dâaiสำมะหาsǎm-má-hǎaอะไรà-raiกับgàpการจัดการgaan-jàt-gaanระบบrá-bòpน้ำnáamทั้งประเทศtáng-bprà-têet
The government still cannot solve the flooding problem in the capital, let alone manage the water system of the entire country.
ขนาดkà-nàatเพื่อนสนิทpʉ̂ʉan-sà-nìtยังyangหักhàkหลังเขาlǎng-kǎoได้dâaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเงินngənสำมะหาsǎm-má-hǎaอะไรà-raiกับgàpคนแปลกหน้าkon-bplɛ̀ɛk-nâaที่tîiเพิ่งpə̂ngรู้จักrúu-jàkกันgan
Even his close friend could betray him for money, let alone a stranger he just met.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is สำมะหา said สัม-มะ-หา?
sǎm-má-hǎa
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
sǎm
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |