หง่อม
ngɔ̀ɔmMeaning
1AdjectiveC1
very old; decrepit
very old, decrepit, or senile, usually referring to a person's advanced age
Examples
ยายyaaiยายyaai1grandmother (maternal)2old woman (informal; can be rude)ของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎohis; hers; theirsแก่หง่อมgɛ̀ɛ-ngɔ̀ɔmแก่หง่อมgɛ̀ɛ-ngɔ̀ɔmvery old; decrepitมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofเดินdəənเดินdəən1[to] walk; go on foot2[to] proceed; go; move along3[to] run; operate (machine/system)4[to] run; operate; keep runningแทบtɛ̂ɛpแทบtɛ̂ɛp1almost; nearly2virtually; practicallyไม่ไหวmâi-wǎiไม่ไหวmâi-wǎi[to] be unable (to [do sth]); cannotแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)
His grandmother is so very old and decrepit that she can barely walk.
3 more examplesShow less
แม้ว่าmɛ́ɛ-wâaคุณตาkun-dtaaจะjàอายุมากaa-yú-mâakจนjonแก่หง่อมgɛ̀ɛ-ngɔ̀ɔmแต่dtɛ̀ɛความทรงจำkwaam-song-jamของkɔ̌ɔngท่านtânยังคงyang-kongดีเยี่ยมdii-yîiam
Even though the grandfather is so old he is decrepit, his memory remains excellent.
ชายชราchaai-chá-raaวัยwaiไม้máaiใกล้glâiฝั่งfàngผู้pûuแก่หง่อมgɛ̀ɛ-ngɔ̀ɔmได้แต่dâai-dtɛ̀ɛนั่งnângมองเหม่อmɔɔng-mə̀əออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpaiนอกหน้าต่างnɔ̂ɔk-nâa-dtàangอย่างyàangโดดเดี่ยวdòot-dìiao
The decrepit old man in the twilight of his life could only sit and stare aimlessly out the window in loneliness.
เขาkǎoตั้งใจdtâng-jaiดูแลduu-lɛɛปรนนิบัติbpron-ní-bàtมารดาmaan-daaที่tîiแก่หง่อมgɛ̀ɛ-ngɔ̀ɔmด้วยdûuaiความกตัญญูkwaam-gà-dtan-yuuแม้ว่าmɛ́ɛ-wâaตนเองdton-eengจะjàเหนื่อยล้าnʉ̀ʉai-láaเพียงใดpiiang-daiก็ตามgɔ̂-dtaam
He is determined to attentively care for his decrepit mother with filial piety, no matter how exhausted he himself may be.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh classLeading หA silent ห before ง puts this syllable in high class.
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
ngɔ̀ɔm
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + Mai ek → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |