บทขยาย
bòt-kà-yǎaiMeaning
1NounB2
modifier
In grammar, a word, phrase, or clause that qualifies or adds information to another word or part of a sentence.
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)วลีwá-liiวลีwá-lii1phrase (grammar)2phrase; expressionเสื้อsʉ̂ʉaเสื้อsʉ̂ʉashirt; top; jacketสีแดงsǐi-dɛɛngสีแดงsǐi-dɛɛng1the color red2red; red-coloredคำว่าkam-wâaคำว่าkam-wâathe word/term (introductory marker)สีแดงsǐi-dɛɛngสีแดงsǐi-dɛɛng1the color red2red; red-coloredเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)บทขยายbòt-kà-yǎaiบทขยายbòt-kà-yǎaimodifierที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâa[to] say/tell that; report/declare thatเสื้อsʉ̂ʉaเสื้อsʉ̂ʉashirt; top; jacketมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoสีอะไรsǐi-à-raiสีอะไรsǐi-à-raiwhat color?
In the phrase “red shirt,” “red” is a modifier that tells us what color the shirt is.
3 more examplesShow less
ครูkruuให้เราhâi-raoหาhǎaบทขยายbòt-kà-yǎaiในnaiประโยคbprà-yòokเขาkǎoเดินช้าdəən-cháaแล้วlɛ́ɛoอธิบายà-tí-baaiว่าwâaคำว่าkam-wâaช้าcháaขยายkà-yǎaiคำว่าkam-wâaเดินdəən
The teacher asked us to find the modifier in “He walks slowly” and explain that “slowly” modifies “walks.”
ในnaiประโยคbprà-yòokนักเรียนnák-riianที่นั่งริมหน้าต่างtîi-nâng-rim-nâa-dtàangกำลังgam-langอ่านหนังสือàan-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉส่วนsùuanที่นั่งริมหน้าต่างtîi-nâng-rim-nâa-dtàangเป็นbpenบทขยายbòt-kà-yǎaiที่tîiช่วยchûuaiระบุว่าrá-bù-wâaหมายถึงmǎai-tʉ̌ngนักเรียนnák-riianคนไหนkon-nǎi
In the sentence “The student who is sitting by the window is reading,” “who is sitting by the window” is a modifier that helps identify which student is meant.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaประโยคbprà-yòokมีmiiบทขยายbòt-kà-yǎaiหลายlǎaiส่วนsùuanผู้เขียนpûu-kǐianควรkuuanวางwaangแต่ละส่วนdtɛ̀ɛ-lá-sùuanให้hâiใกล้glâiคำkamที่ต้องการtîi-dtɔ̂ng-gaanขยายkà-yǎaiเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiผู้อ่านpûu-àanตีความผิดdtii-kwaam-pìt
When a sentence contains several modifiers, the writer should place each one close to the word it modifies to prevent readers from misinterpreting the sentence.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is บทขยาย said บท-ขะ-หยาย?
bòt-kà-yǎai
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ท, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
bòt
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
บทbòtบทbòt1chapter; lesson; section2role; part (acting)3script/text; lyrics4classifier for stanzas, chapters, and lessons5clause; provision (law/regulation)6role; duty; function7stanzachapter; lesson; sectionPart 1
+
ขยายkà-yǎaiขยายkà-yǎai1[to] expand; enlarge; extend2[to] lengthen; prolong3[to] magnify; zoom in4[to] elaborate; clarify[to] expand; enlarge; extendPart 2
บทขยายbòt-kà-yǎaiบทขยายbòt-kà-yǎaimodifiermodifierWord