กรำศึก
gram-sʉ̀kMeaning
1VerbB2
[to] endure warfare; fight through many battles
To undergo prolonged or repeated fighting and its hardships; figuratively, to endure demanding contests or struggles.
Examples
นายพลnaai-ponนายพลnaai-pongeneral; general officer (military/police)คนนี้kon-níiคนนี้kon-níithis personเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ทหารtá-hǎanทหารtá-hǎan1soldier; service member2the military; armed forces3military (as modifier)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerกรำศึกgram-sʉ̀kกรำศึกgram-sʉ̀k[to] endure warfare; fight through many battlesมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerอย่างyàangอย่างyàang1kind; type; sort2manner; way3classifier (for kinds/types)4like; as; such as5in the manner of; -lyโชกโชนchôok-choonโชกโชนchôok-choon1seasoned; highly experienced; battle-hardened2severely; badly; heavily
This general is a soldier who has been thoroughly toughened by many battles.
3 more examplesShow less
นักการเมืองnák-gaan-mʉʉangคนkonนั้นnánกรำศึกgram-sʉ̀kในnaiสนามsà-nǎamเลือกตั้งlʉ̂ʉak-dtângมาmaaหลายlǎaiสมัยsà-mǎiจนjonรู้rúuทุกtúkเล่ห์เหลี่ยมlêe-lìiam
That politician has been battle-hardened in the election arena for many terms and knows every trick.
สีหน้าsǐi-nâaและlɛ́แววตาwɛɛo-dtaaของkɔ̌ɔngทหารผ่านศึกtá-hǎan-pàan-sʉ̀kที่tîiกรำศึกgram-sʉ̀kมานานmaa-naanสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงsà-tɔ́ɔn-hâi-hěn-tʉ̌ngความโหดร้ายkwaam-hòot-ráaiของkɔ̌ɔngสงครามsǒng-kraam
The facial expression and eyes of a veteran who has long been toughened by warfare reflect the brutality of war.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàเป็นbpenทหารใหม่tá-hǎan-màiแต่dtɛ̀ɛเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂สู้sûuเคียงบ่าเคียงไหล่kiiang-bàa-kiiang-làiกับgàpพวกpûuakทหารtá-hǎanที่tîiกรำศึกgram-sʉ̀kมานานmaa-naanได้dâaiอย่างyàangไม่น่าเชื่อmâi-nâa-chʉ̂ʉa
Even though he was a new recruit, he fought shoulder-to-shoulder with the battle-hardened soldiers unbelievably well.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is กรำศึก said กรัม-สึก?
gram-sʉ̀k
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid classConsonant clusterIn the cluster กร, the first consonant ก sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableThe vowel ำ hides a final -ม, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gram
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
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กรำศึกgram-sʉ̀kกรำศึกgram-sʉ̀k[to] endure warfare; fight through many battles[to] endure warfare; fight through many battlesWord