คณนา
ká-ná-naaMeaning
1VerbC1
[to] count; [to] calculate
to count, calculate, or enumerate (typically used in formal, poetic, or literary contexts)
Examples
พระคุณprá-kunพระคุณprá-kun1favor; kindness; grace (hon.)2Your Reverence; Your Grace (hon.)ของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsบิดามารดาbì-daa-maan-daaบิดามารดาbì-daa-maan-daafather and mother; parentsนั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)ยิ่งใหญ่yîng-yàiยิ่งใหญ่yîng-yàigrand; magnificent; great in scale or importanceและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)มากมายmâak-maaiมากมายmâak-maai1many; numerous; abundant2a great deal; very muchเหลือlʉ̌ʉaเหลือlʉ̌ʉa1[to] remain; be left2[to] have left; have remaining3[to] be left over; be surplus4[to] exceed; be more thanคณนาká-ná-naaคณนาká-ná-naa[to] count; [to] calculate
The grace of parents is great and abundant beyond counting.
3 more examplesShow less
ความเสียหายkwaam-sǐia-hǎaiจากjàakภัยพิบัติทางธรรมชาติpai-pí-bàt-taang-tam-má-châatในnaiครั้งนี้kráng-níiมีmiiมากมายmâak-maaiเหลือlʉ̌ʉaจะjàคณนาká-ná-naa
The damage from this natural disaster is massive and beyond calculation.
ทรัพยากรธรรมชาติsáp-pá-yaa-gɔɔn-tam-má-châatในพื้นที่nai-pʉ́ʉn-tîiป่าอนุรักษ์bpàa-à-nú-rákแห่งนี้hɛ̀ng-níiมีคุณค่าmii-kun-kâaอเนกอนันต์à-nèek-à-nanสุดsùtจะjàคณนาká-ná-naa
The natural resources in this conserved forest area possess infinite value beyond enumeration.
ดวงดาวduuang-daaoบนbonท้องฟ้าtɔ́ɔng-fáaในnaiคืนเดือนมืดkʉʉn-dʉʉan-mʉ̂ʉtมีmiiจำนวนมหาศาลjam-nuuan-má-hǎa-sǎanเกินกว่าgəən-gwàaที่tîiมนุษย์má-nútจะjàคณนาká-ná-naaได้dâai
The stars in the sky on a moonless night are so vastly numerous that it is beyond human ability to count.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is คณนา said คะ-นะ-นา?
ká-ná-naa
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableShort vowelA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
ká
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Short vowel → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |